Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) for schools

When BNG applies

Statutory BNG applies to most major development granted planning permission under the TCPA from 12 February 2024[BNG]. School schemes with new buildings, large extensions or significant external works almost always trigger it. Like-for-like internal refurbishment typically does not.

On-site vs off-site units

On-site delivery (improved planting, species-rich grassland, habitat creation in retained land) is usually cheaper and is the regulator preference. Off-site units (purchased credits, statutory credits) are an option where the site is too constrained, but cost more per unit.

Cost ranges

• On-site delivery: typically 0.5-1.5% of works on a typical school site.
• Off-site units (private market): typically £15-50k per BNG unit, with units required driven by metric output.
• Statutory credits (Defra last-resort): substantially more expensive, used only where no other route works.
• Monitoring and maintenance over 30 years sits in revenue, not capital.

Exemptions

Self-build, householder, small-site (under 0.5 ha and under 10 dwellings or for non-residential 0.5 ha / 1,000 m²), and certain emergency / temporary development can be exempt. Most school schemes do not qualify.

Toggle BNG in the calculator.